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Intellectual property

Patents, copyright, and licences: who owns an invention or a text, from the web given to the public domain to books scraped for training data.

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  1. 2026

  2. reviewThe Web Was the Training Set

    Tim Berners-Lee's memoir is the story of a British engineer at a Franco-Swiss lab giving a protocol away. Read in 2026, it is also the origin story of AI's data supply.

    History of technologyHypertextTraining dataData sovereigntyResearch labsIntellectual propertyEurope

    16 min
  3. The Bottleneck Is Data, and Europe Is Sitting on It

    Frontier AI is running short on public text, not compute. Europe's edge is the high-quality data it never put online. Capturing it needs coordination.

    Training dataOpen dataEuropeIntellectual propertyProvenanceLanguages and translationTechnology races

    34 min
  4. Patents Per Capita Is a Vanity Metric

    Switzerland tops the Global Innovation Index for the fifteenth year running. As an engineer, that should make you suspicious of the metric, not proud of the country.

    MetricsPolicySovereigntyEconomicsSwitzerlandIntellectual property

    23 min

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